改造设计  gmp

1958年设计  赫尔穆特·博恩萨克

项目地点 德国不来梅港

项目时间 自2023年起

本文文字由gmp提供。

拆除不来梅港哥伦布火车站本来已是板上钉钉的事。业主最初只要求对规划新建筑的可持续发展性进行审核。然而在招标程序中提出的一个截然不同的方案更令他们信服：基本保留原有建筑、对之进行翻新和改造、甚至扩建，增加新的功能。如今，历史建筑不仅得到了保护，在十年之内，多样化功能设施将逐渐迁入，注入活力。坚固的钢筋混凝土框架结构被证明是非常好的基本结构，功能转变从而变得轻而易举。

The demolition of the Columbus Terminal in Bremerhaven was already a done deal. The client only wanted to review the sustainability aspects of its planned replacement building one more time. But in the process, the proposal engendered a radically different approach, which was to largely preserve, refurbish, convert, and even extend the existing construction to provide for additional uses. The historic building will now be preserved. Within ten years, a lively mix of functions will gradually move in. The rugged reinforced concrete skeleton construction is proving to be an excellent basic structure for repurposing.

1958年—2021年

1927年，随着北部港区长达一公里的哥伦布码头的启用，不来梅港巩固了其在德国与美国之间跨大西洋贸易中的地位。哥伦布火车站是“美国线”的终点站，在这里可以直接由火车转乘蒸汽船前往新大陆。自1827年建港以来，估计有七百万人离开不来梅港前往新世界。

With the opening of the one-kilometer-long Columbus Quay in the northern port area in 1927, Bremerhaven secured its role in transatlantic shipping between Germany and America. As the last stop on the “America Line,” the Columbus Terminal made it possible to transfer directly from the train to a steamship headed for the New World. Since its opening in 1827, the port has served as the starting point for an estimated seven million people on their journey from Bremerhaven to the New World.

哥伦布码头不仅是不来梅港通往世界的门户，而且还作为世界各地名流抵达地成了媒体聚焦点：1958年，猫王在不来梅港登陆，在德国服其美国兵役；1978 年，伊丽莎白女王来到德国。女王和猫王在渡海航行后均由哥伦布码头踏上了德国土地。由于第一个客运站在第二次世界大战期间的威悉蒙德大轰炸中被毁，1952年至1958年期间新建了一个更大的客运站，即哥伦布第二火车站。这座客运站的最初规划远远大于现在的规模，是因为1945年后不来梅港的客运量缓慢回升，而新建筑的设计是为了满足进一步增长的需求。

The Columbus Quay was not only Bremerhaven’s gateway to the world, but it also served as a media showplace welcoming the arrival of VIPs from around the globe. Elvis Presley disembarked in Bremerhaven in 1958 to do his military service in Germany and Queen Elizabeth visited Germany in 1978. Both the “King” and the Queen first set foot on German soil at the Columbus Quay. Because the first terminal was destroyed in the heavy bombardment of Wesermünde in the Second World War, a new and much larger terminal was built between 1952 and 1958, the Columbus Terminal II. The original plans for this terminal were on a much larger scale than what remains today because the number of passengers in Bremerhaven had gradually increased after 1945.

然而，航空交通的快速增长导致发展趋势突然转变。因此，不来梅港的大型规划一直未能完成：原规划的南侧建筑从未建成，中央建筑旁的14层塔楼最后只留下一个5层高的烂尾。前往哥伦布码头的火车于1993年停运。码头虽仍用于邮轮的停靠，但已基本空置。不来梅港的“世界门户”呈现衰败景象。2021年，港口管理公司 bremenports 提交拆除申请，并获得不来梅议会的批准。根据规划，中央建筑和烂尾高层应予以拆除，代之以设有入口大厅、停车场和办公空间的新建筑。

The new construction was designed for further growth, although the rapid increase in air travel caused a sudden downturn. As a result, the grand plans in Bremerhaven were never completed. The projected south wing was never built, and the 14-story high-rise next to the central building remained a five-story stump. In 1993, rail traffic to the Columbus Quay was discontinued. The terminal still served as a landing for cruise ships but was generally empty. Bremerhaven’s “gateway to the world” fell into decline. In 2021, the port management company, bremenports, filed an application for demolition that was approved by Bremen’s citizenry. The central building and the stunted high-rise were to be demolished to make way for a replacement building, a new lobby, parking levels, and office spaces.

自2022年起

与此同时，人们提出了初步质疑，有人发起了保护哥伦布车站的行动：自发公民组织征集签名，一个独立剧团在空置的中央大楼里演出实验话剧，反映移民历史主题。这些举动让这座建筑重新回到了城市民众的视野。人们认为原建筑是近代历史的一个见证，是一个不寻常之地，不应轻易拆除。观念转变由此开始。

At the same time, people began to have doubts and to campaign for the preservation of the Columbus Terminal. A citizens’ initiative gathered signatures and an independent theater group performed experimental plays in the empty central building that portrayed emigration experiences. The building was once again a focus of the urban community’s attention. It was perceived as a witness to the past, as a very special location whose demolition should not be taken lightly. People started to rethink the situation.

2022年，不来梅港管理公司按《公共项目招标法》（VgV）实施了招标程序，该程序本应旨在对新建筑设计的可持续发展的各个方面进行优化。而作为该招标程序的参与者，我们则提出了对原有建筑进行彻底保护、翻新、改造以及扩建和补建的建议。

In 2022, bremenports initiated a negotiation process that was intended only to optimize the design of the new construction with regard to all its sustainability aspects. As a participant in this process, we recommended a radical preservation of the existing structures, that they be refurbished and converted, and that they be complemented with additions and extensions.

哥伦布站的核心部分是钢筋混凝土框架结构，工程物理上较为复杂，这是那个时代的产物。而另一方面，其坚固的基础结构为改建和模块化扩建提供了良好的条件，犹如模块系统一样可一步步延伸和实施。原有地基也为设计提供了理想的条件：该地基在上世纪50年代设计时就已经考虑到了那个始终未完全建成的高层建筑的荷载要求。本应至少为14层的建筑迄今只建了5层。因此，原有建筑的扩建不再需要额外的基础，这将大大降低经济和生态成本。

As a child of its times, the Columbus Quay is essentially a reinforced concrete skeleton construction with many problematic structural qualities. At the same time, its rugged basic structure offers excellent conditions for a conversion as well as modular extensions that can be gradually developed and implemented as in a modular system. The existing foundations provided the ideal conditions for the design. They were originally designed in the 1950s to support the never-completed highrise. Only five of the minimum 14 possible stories were implemented. This meant that no additional foundations were required for expanding the existing construction, resulting in a substantial reduction in economic and ecological expenditures.

根据设计，原有空间的“过剩”部分，尤其是大型客运大厅的空间，将逐步改造为多样化混合功能区。除邮轮码头外，方案还规划了酒店、海运业办公设施、会议室、餐厅和各种用于剧目演出和其他活动的公共场所。而建设最初规划的高层建筑也将为港口和市中心之间的地标性连接创造条件。

The goal of the design is to gradually convert the existing “excess” space, particularly in the large passenger terminals, in order to accommodate a lively mix of uses. The cruise terminal will be supplemented by a hotel, offices for maritime industries, conference rooms, restaurants, and various spaces that can be used for theater performances and other events. Construction of the high-rise that was originally planned also opens up the possibility of creating a prominent urban connection between the port and the city center.

业主最初对我方的设计方案感到惊讶，不过他们最终还是信任了我们。该设计唤起了一幅美好的心理图景——或许正如同发现“哥伦布蛋”一般：一种能够调和运营商、港口及城市经济利益与市民社会、古迹保护、历史学家及环保诉求的改造方案。该项目于2023年9月向公众展示。实地勘测于2024年完成，然后在此基础上确定若干工期的实施方案。哥伦布第二火车站将自此重获新生。

The client was initially surprised by our proposal but was willing to be convinced. The design evoked a beautiful mental image — perhaps the discovery of the Egg of Columbus: a conversion that is able to reconcile the economic interests of the operator, the port, and the city with the wishes of civil society, monument preservation, historians, and environmental protection. The project was already presented to the public in September 2023. Precise stocktaking will be completed in 2024 and will then serve as the basis for establishing the multi-construction-phase implementation. The Columbus Quay II has been rescued.

项目信息

哥伦布邮轮码头

德国不来梅港

自2023年起

业主：不来梅港

1958年设计：赫尔穆特·博恩萨克

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