设计单位  WXCA

项目地点  波兰华沙

建成时间  2023年

建筑面积  54,395平方米

“华沙博物馆城堡”The Warsaw Citadel of Museums

波兰历史博物馆是“华沙博物馆城堡”的一部分，波兰建筑工作室WXCA在2016年接受委托，着手进行建筑设计。在此之前的2009年，WXCA赢得了波兰军事博物馆新总部的国际建筑和城市设计竞赛，军事博物馆坐落在19世纪的要塞遗址上，紧邻历史博物馆。

Work on the architectural design of the Polish History Museum at the Warsaw Citadel began back in 2016. The project was commissioned by Polish architectural design studio WXCA, which in 2009 won the international architecture and urban design competition for the new headquarters of the Polish Army Museum, planned to be located on the 19th-century fortress site.

▲ 项目视频  来源：WXCA官网

由此，华沙逐渐像其他欧洲大都市一样，发展出一个博物馆综合体——博物馆城堡。它被设想成一片专为文化、纪念以及日常休闲娱乐打造的公共空间，旨在使人们建立共同的文化身份认同。

Thus, as in other European metropolises, a museum complex concept was brought to life in Warsaw – the Citadel of Museums, conceived to be a community-building public space dedicated to culture, remembrance, as well as everyday recreation and leisure.

WXCA的方案参考了该场地在18世纪，作为波兰皇家步兵卫队军营时的空间构成。设计师提出了一种由三座建筑组成的“凹”形布局——波兰历史博物馆位于中央，而波兰军事博物馆由南、北两座建筑组成，体量更矮，三者围合出一个广场，象征波兰皇家步兵卫队军营。整个博物馆综合体还包括超过30英亩（合12.1公顷）的市政公园。

In its design, the WXCA architects referred to the 18th-century spatial composition of the site where the Polish Royal Foot Guard barracks were based. The designers proposed an urban layout composed of three buildings with the centrally positioned Polish History Museum as well as two lower, twin buildings of the Polish Army Museum closing the inner representative square of the Polish Royal Foot Guards from the north and south sides. A municipal park of over 30 acres is also an integral part of the entire complex.

写在石头上的历史 History Written in Stone

虽然出自同一事务所之手，两家博物馆具有不同的建筑表现形式，体现了不同的定位。建筑的形态和材料的选择，也强调了二者的相互独立。波兰历史博物馆建筑被构思成一个关于历史进程的寓言故事，以“一块石头”作为叙事语言，逐步发掘、揭示过去的痕迹。

The headquarters of both establishments differ in terms of their architectural expression, which emphasizes their diverse profiles. Their individuality was also expressed in the form and selection of materials. The architecture of the Polish History Museum was conceived to be a philosophical tale about the process of history where the language of the narrative about discovering the traces of the past is a stone.

设计中用到的所有石板，都经过精心构思、搭配，一部分以特定的节奏重复，另一些则与之镜像排布。建筑师采用了6种不同的石材加工方法，使得特定部分的色调和纹理格外显眼。

All the slabs were arranged in a carefully conceived composition, some in the form of repetitions of subsequent slabs of the block, and others as their mirror image. The architects applied six different methods of working the stone, which allowed specific sections to differ in terms of their tonality and texture.

建筑的装饰细节在象征意义层面使整个设计更加完整，它们可以被解读为“考古断面上不同时期的物质遗存”。这些装饰的形式借用自建筑传统，不过并非直接照搬，而是综合参考了格涅兹诺门上、哥特时期的水晶拱顶上、St Sigismund教堂中及或Spodek竞技场中的装饰图案，经过几何转换得来。

The architectonic detail in the form of ornamentation with quotations from architectural tradition constitutes a symbolic complement to the whole design. They can be interpreted as artifacts from different periods in an archaeological cross-section. They are not direct quotes, however, but spatial graphics subject to geometric transformation, making references to such patterns as the relief from the Gniezno Doors, the crystal vault known from the Gothic period (e.g., the Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Gdansk), the decorations of St Sigismund’s Chapel in Krakow, or the motive from the modernist Spodek arena complex in Katowice.

富有活力的文化中心 A Living Cultural Center

波兰历史博物馆占地近4.5万平方米，每年可接待约50万名游客。除了博物馆展览空间、文物储存和保护设施外，它还将容纳各种文化设施，包括一个600座的音乐厅，一个电影和戏剧厅，一个图书馆，会议空间，学习区，用餐区，此外还设有一个可俯瞰华沙全景的观景平台。

The Polish History Museum will have a surface area of almost 45,000 square meters and will be ready to receive approximately 500,000 visitors annually. Apart from the expositional space and the facilities for the storage and conservation of artifacts,  it will also house various cultural facilities, including a concert hall seating up to 600 guests, a cinema and theatre hall, a library, conference, and learning suites, catering points, as well as a viewing platform offering panoramic views of Warsaw.

新建的波兰历史博物馆、波兰军事博物馆，和“华沙博物馆城堡”场地上已有的第十馆博物馆和卡廷博物馆一起，构成欧洲最大、最现代化的博物馆建筑群之一。项目一期工程包括波兰历史博物馆和波兰陆军博物馆南楼，一个带地下停车场的城市广场和一个从Wisłostrada河一侧新开的入口。

The Polish History Museum, together with the newly opened last month Polish Army Museum as well as the X Pavilion and the Katyn Museum already located on the site of the Warsaw Citadel will become one of the largest and most modern museum complexes in Europe. The first stage of the works, together with the Polish History Museum and the South Building of the Polish Army Museum, included the completion of an urban square with underground parking and a new entrance gate from the Wisłostrada side.

据WXCA近日宣布，波兰历史博物馆获得了2024年ULI全球卓越奖（2024 ULI Global Award for Excellence）。该奖项由城市土地学会（Urban Land Institute, ULI）设立于1979年。2024年共有109个项目参与评选，评审团最终评选出了7个全球卓越奖获奖项目。

完整项目信息

Feature: public building

Investor: Museum of the Polish Army

Datum: 2016-2023

Location: Warsaw

Surface: 54,395 m2

Stato: completed

Prizes: 1st prize in the international competition for the development of the concept of the Polish Army Museum complex in the Warsaw Citadel

Authors: Szczepan Wronski, Marta Sękulska-Wrońska, Paweł Grodzicki, Krzysztof Budzisz, Katarzyna Billik, Rafal Boguszewski, Kamil Cedzynski, Michał Czerwinski, Anna Dobek-Lenczewska, Małgorzata Gilarska, Beata Glaz, Marcin Jurusik, Michał Kalinowski, Michał Kasprzyk, Ludwik Kaizerbrecht, Marcin Kruk, Paulina Kucharska, Jan Kucza-Kuczynski, Elżbieta Leoniewska, Michael Lipio, Anna Majewska-Karolak, Krzysztof Marciszewski, Adam Mierzwa, Mariusz Niemiec, Magdalena Nowak, Magdalena Julianna Nowak, Barbara Plonczyńska, Zuzanna Rosińska, Paweł Słupski, Michał Staniszewski, Lukasz Szczepanowicz, Kajetan Szostok, Krystian Tomczyk, Paweł Wolanin, Michał Żurek

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