设计单位  VIA维亚景观

项目地点  上海徐汇

建成时间  2023年11月

占地面积  约14000平方米

本文文字由设计单位提供。

1  破而后立：全天候的无界公园

1  To Be A Contemporary Community Park

田林公园始建于1999年，在更新前是封闭管理的“田林中心绿地”。绿地周边300米半径内（北至宜山路、南至田林东路、东至钦州路、西至柳州路），近2万居民仅能从西南角的一个较小的入口进入。这不仅使公园绿地与市民生活关系割裂，公共服务效率较低，更直接导致东侧居民因交通时距较长而放弃日常进入绿地的游憩机会。要营造此处的绿色生活，需将田林中心绿地围墙彻底打开，使其成为真正开放无界的社区公园。

Tianlin Park, initially a fenced-off green space named "Tianlin Central Green Land", was built in 1999. As a public green space serving nearly 20,000 residents in an area with a radius of 300 meters, it had only one entrance at the southwest before renewal. This fact isolates the park from its surroundings and fails to build connection with the daily life. This green land, providing minimal chance for residents in the east to get access, run at low efficiency as one of the public goods. This calls for a truly open community park without the fence.

针对这一周边居民关心的重要项目，我们于2021年夏天开始着手研究、策划、设计，并于2021年底通过评审与社区居民意见听证会，形成了稳定的更新设计方案。方案去除东西两侧围墙，在将公园绿色融入街区、增强公共性、达成24小时开放目标的基础上，更关注全龄段与全时段的使用者需求响应、现状乔木与绿色资源的保护与利用、社区与居民文化的承载，试图将更新后的田林公园营造为具有在地性特征与完整空间结构的全天候都市生境。

After thorough survey, research, design and local hearing sessions, our renewal scheme was finally stabilized after going through the reviews at the end of 2021. Our design strategies include removing boundary walls at the east and west, blending the park into the community with strong publicity, and keeping the park 24-hour open. On top of these, the design scheme addresses more critical topics such as responding to all age users' requirements, existing landscaping integration, and presentation of community and local culture. All efforts contribute to the final product of Tianlin Park as a contemporary community urban habitat with full spatial structure and regional characters.

2  以形构形：环形建构的活力生境

2  A Vibrant Habitat Circle of Activities

在规模和区位上，田林公园被定义为“社区公园”^[1]，而我们的现场调研则给出了“有‘林（浓密的现状大树）’无‘田（多样的游憩活动场所）’”的现状基础空间特征总结。同时，周边居民提出强烈需求，希望公园满足全龄使用，并拥有健康活动空间和休憩设施等内容。现场经20余年生长的浓密大树则极大地限制了游憩活动场地的拓展。

Tianlin Park is defined as a "community park" ^[1] in terms of its size and location. In Chinese "Tianlin" is composed of the two characters "Tian" which means land and "Lin" which means woods. However, our site survey shows a rather surprising fact that this place is filled with existing dense well-established trees but hardly has recreational activity spaces. And the existing '"woods" with densely spotted trees established for more than 20 years is the restrictive condition of increasing functional spaces for fitness, recreational facilities, and other all age activities.

为尽可能保留大树，保护公园中最重要的绿色生态资源，我们决定基于既有的场地和圆形、弧形的路网，在不影响乔木生长的林下空间的前提下，组织与梳理整体公园空间结构。方案采用“以形构形”^[2]的设计策略，在公园核心区域形成了“圆形草坪+圆环形主路径+环形布局的活动场地”的基础空间格局。

To retain existing big trees and other crucial green resources in the park, we decided to build a framework for the activities under the tree canopy based on the current circular and curvy pedestrian network. With the "shaping with existing shape"^[2] design strategy, we build a vibrant habitat Circle of activities with "circular lawn+ circular main path + curved activity areas" in the core area of the park.

首先，我们基于现状将公园中心区域设计为可供使用者进入的圆形大草坡，为高密度社区提供豁然开朗的公园基础体验。并在草坪北部日照最佳处，以“整体木平台空间拉伸”的手法设计了融合台阶看台、空中观景平台、廊下休憩空间、市民园艺中心、生境科普馆等多元功能的“梦田廊”，使之成为田林公园主体空间中最重要的休憩服务综合设施。

We designed a round lawn in the center of the park for users to get quick access, providing an open green experience in the high-density community. Mengtian Gallery, which incorporates terraced decking, a viewing platform, a recreational area, a gardening center and a habitat center, is the most significant recreational and service center in the park at the north part of the lawn area with the best sun exposure.

同时，草坪外侧设计了由“3米宽环形慢跑道+1.5米宽环形绿化休憩空间+1.5米宽环形漫步道”构成的主园路，在兼容多元功能的基础上奠定了田林公园的基础空间构架。

Meanwhile, the main path consists of a "3 meters jogging lane + 1.5m circular recreational green zone + 1.5m circular pedestrian" set aside at the grand lawn is assembled to create the basic spatial structure of Tianlin Park with a multi-functional purpose.

最后，我们在主园路外侧组织了适于全龄段使用的多种健身场地、儿童活动空间、亲子游戏场地，并以断续的环形布局方式植入现状林下空间，形成了掩映于自然绿色中的活力空间，这样的景观特征将公园自然基底与社区活力呈现融于一体。基于环形空间建构的活力生境营造是田林公园空间利用的重要内容，这不仅是延续使用者行为习惯的一次创作，也由此形成了属于田林公园的空间与视觉特征。

Functional spaces such as fitness courts, kids' play and family gaming areas are arranged outside of the main road ring for all age users. These areas are weaved into the existing woods with an alternating pattern, forming a vibrant space covered with natural green and stitching the community vibrancy and its natural base together. The construction of vibrant habitats built upon circular space is crucial to Tianlin Park's spatial design. This design is not just adapted to current user behaviors but also bears unique spatial and visual characters belonging only to Tianlin Park.

3  环境再生产：自然生境的表达与感知

3  Production of the Natural Habitat System

场地拥有优越的自然绿化条件，乔木蔚然成林。这一方面提示我们更新设计需以保护大树、强化碳汇功能为基础，另一方面也激发了更完整的生境营造与表达。在林下绿色空间，除了有耐修剪的常绿开花灌木用以固定下木结构之外，低维护的、多年生的地被与耐阴宿根花卉被大量使用，塑造出既简洁明快又富于自然野趣的基础绿化氛围。

Tree preservation and carbon sink building are fundamental parts of the renewal design considering the existing lush woods, which inspired us to create a natural habitat system in Tianlin Park. We apply manicured evergreen flowery shrubs as the backbone of the shrub layer under the canopy. On top of this, low-maintenance perennial groundcovers and other shade-tolerant perennial flowers are employed to build a simple, but rather natural green space.

同时，我们将公园园路与场地改造为100%“开放式路沿”，并结合整体地形梳理出林下的下凹绿地空间系统，由此形成“雨水花园”系统。此外，设计还结合不同空间功能，以“自然生境式雨水花园”“艺术地景式雨水花园”“水源地式雨水花园”的分型建构系统。

We also leave the edge of pedestrian and other paved areas fully open, with which sunken green spaces are generated to establish a rain garden system. Diverse functions are furthermore married to the rain gardens to create diverse categories such as natural style, land art style and water source style.

在自然生境式雨水花园沿线，我们将“观果生境”“芳香生境”“药用植物生境”“岩石生境”植入林下空间，在形成不同类型的植物微生境的基础上，丰富了林下漫步游赏的体验与科普内涵。同时，结合地形整理，设计利用现场回收的砖、石等建筑废料与植物修剪产生的枝条，进行生态型整体地景营造，将“昆虫旅馆”“本杰士堆”结合在整体地景中，围绕自然生境式、水源地式雨水花园做更完整的系统布局，为更立体的公园微生境营造打好基础。与以渗透为主的自然生境式、艺术地景式雨水花园不同，水源地式雨水花园是具有临时积蓄雨水功能的下凹式林下空间，与临近区域新增的果树一起为鸟类提供水源和食物。

Along the natural style rain gardens, we incorporate fruit viewing habitat, fragrant habitat, herbs habitat and rock stone habitat into the under-canopy space. This will naturally create biodiversity, abundant visiting experience, and educational significance. And we designed "Insect Hotel" and "Benjes Hedge" with wasted building materials (bricks and stones) and abandoned tree trunks, applying them in the construction of ecological land-forming. Different from the penetration function of natural style rain garden and land art style rain gardens, water source rain garden is sunken green space under the tree canopy that is capable of storing rainwater, synergized with adjacent new fruit trees to provide water and food source for birds.

设计尝试通过自然绿色的保护与更完整的公园生境系统建构，在提升整体街区生态环境容量的同时，以整体绿色地景营造的方式，将生境感知与生态科普转化为更直观的使用者游观体验。

We try to balance natural protection and the construction of a more comprehensive park habitat system, which will increase the environmental carrying capacity for the community and create a direct visiting experience with natural habitat and ecological education elements under the construction of a holistic green landscape.

4  嵌入静谧：文化生境的场所功能

4  Cultural Habitat of the Neighborhood

田林公园用地由一大一小两个矩形构成，东侧面积较小的矩形空间在空间上相对独立，改造前由水杉林围合，以存在安全隐患的硬质活动场地为主。考虑到场地北侧的敬老院要求相邻空间相对安静，同时公园更新后也需要一定的管理服务设施，我们决定在不破坏水杉林的前提下，利用现状硬质场地“嵌入”一处包含公园问询管理、公共卫生间等功能的游客服务中心“林隐轩”^[3]，为居民和游客提供服务。

The general layout of Tianlin Park could be mapped as two rectangles with different sizes. A smaller rectangle to the east is spatially independent. It was a paved area enclosed with metasequoia woods before renewal. We incorporated a multifunctional tourist center(Linyin Gallery ^[3]) in the existing paved area, providing basic services for users.

基于空间尺度与相邻关系的分析，林隐轩及周边景观空间的设计有别于田林公园主体空间，未使用大尺度环形建构手法，而是将“4米×4米×4米”小尺度空间模块“虚实结合”，在空间上与现状水杉林高度融合，同时也以“隐于林”的方式形成了公园中的静谧一角。

The design of Linyin Gallery and its surroundings differs from the major space for Tianlin Park according to the spatial and contiguity analysis. It follows a 4x4x4m module, which maps a combination of tangibles and intangibles. In the presence of the metasequoia woods, Linyin Gallery manages to be a serene corner of the park.

虚实结合的空间模块设计不仅满足游客服务中心功能，还使其成为了24小时开放的公园东侧入口，以流动的“曲直”“动静”“藏露”关系呈现出当代造园的空间与文化意趣。与田林公园主体空间景观开敞、富于活力的“旷”相较，林隐轩周边则是融于周边社区环境与水杉林的“奥”，是属于田林地区的文化生境表达。

The modular design that balances the tangible and the intangible enables flexibility to incorporate diverse functions, such as the tourist center and 24-hour open entrance east of the Park. Linyin Gallery is poised at a flowy move that is “straight and curvy”, “dynamic and still”, and “hidden and exposed”, presenting a space and cultural philosophyof contemporary garden design. In comparison to the openness of Tianlin Park main part, the in-depth hiddenness of Linyin Gallery in metasequoia woods leads an unique landscape experience.

5  林间梦田：田林公园的广义都市生境

5  the Complete Meaning of Habitat in Tianlin Park

“林间梦田”是田林公园改造更新的设计理念，体现了我们保护现状林荫、优化林下场地利用方式、提升林下自然状态的设计初衷。在这里，我们追求匹配高密度建成环境需求的、更广义的都市生境：

"The HABITAT in the Woods" is the design concept of Tianlin Park renewal project, also a summary of our effort to protect existing vegetation, optimize the land use under the tree canopy, and improve the natural environment. We pursue to design and construct the Complete Meaning of Habitat in Tianlin Park, which is:

首先，响应社区公园定位与使用者需求的多元活动场地系统建构，是田林公园“活力生境”呈现；其次，在公园开放绿色界面与阳光草坪的意象建立基础上，以林下多元表达的雨水花园系统为线索，以融入使用者体验、结合空间梳理而非封闭式传统科普的方式，展开联系土壤、植被、昆虫、小型哺乳类动物和鸟类的“自然生境”塑造，是田林公园更新的重要内容；最后，公园东部结合配套服务设施的当代造园尝试，是具有在地性的“文化生境”的恰当植入，而如何在当代公园城市发展中传承与体现中国园林文化意趣，也一直是我们特别关注的学术议题。

①a landscape system that responds to its positioning as a community park and meets the needs of the users to incorporate multifunctional activity zones. ②based on the open green image of Tianlin Park, versatile expressions of the rain garden system uncurled a natural habitat with soil, vegetation, insects, small mammals, and birds as heroes. ③the trial of the modern garden building combined with park administration service at the east part of Tianlin Park, is an attempt to implant local cultural habitat. The academic issue of how to develop and inherit the traditional Chinese garden culture spirit is of the special concern in our design practice.

最后值得一提的是，西侧开放界面的“林间梦田”灯光装置，不仅是田林公园重要入口景观标识，更是一件公共艺术作品^[4]。这一装置的创作由我们提议发起，由业主与徐汇区田林街道办事处组织，由田林社区老年大学居民学员共创，是一次重要的凝结在地情感的参与式设计实践。

What is worth mentioning in the end is the lighting installation named Lin Jian Meng Tian ^[4] at the west boundary of the park. It is not just an art installation, but a memorable participatory design practice full of emotional attachment that is proposed by us and written by the local calligraphy enthusiasts under the organization of Tianlin Subdistrict Office as well.

注释

[1] 根据住建部2017年发布的《城市绿地分类标准（CJJ/T85-2017）》，社区公园（G12）是“具有基本的游憩和服务设施，主要为一定居住范围内居民就近开展日常休闲活动服务的绿地”。

[2] 以形构形，是VIA维亚景观基于近年大量更新类公园绿地设计实践总结的一种空间梳理方法，也是响应“公园城市”发展目标与绿色生态资源保护的空间利用策略与更新设计手段。

[3] 见以《第三种线条：水杉林中的上海田林公园林隐轩》为题发表于《时代建筑》2024年第4期上的文章；或见VIA维亚景观以“林隐轩”或“上海田林公园游客服务中心”为题发表于各专业媒体平台的文章。

[4] “林间梦田”灯光装置被设计为由“林”“间”“梦”“田”4组耐候树脂材质书法字小品构成，每组字由7片组成，并要求在专业厂家进行安装节点深化后予以实施。在徐汇区绿化管理中心与徐汇区田林街道办事处的协同组织下，每个书法字都由田林社区老年大学多位的书法爱好者分别书写，并经投票后择优录用为灯光装置书法模板进行制作安装。

完整项目信息

项目名称：上海田林公园更新设计

设计单位：VIA维亚景观

主持设计师：孙轶家

设计团队（景观、建筑、室内）：孙轶家、周密、马丽、易洋帆、全帅群、吉文山、张亮、纪慧敏、计雨薇、陈天舒

设计时间：2021年10月

建成时间：2023年11月

公园面积：约14000平方米

项目地址：上海市徐汇区田林公园（原：田林中心绿地）

业主单位：上海市徐汇区绿化管理中心

指导单位：上海市徐汇区绿化和市容管理局、上海市徐汇区田林街道办事处

施工单位：上海园林绿化建设有限公司

结构顾问：和作结构 / 张准、潘俊

照明顾问：OUI light / 徐越锋

VI与导视设计：VIA维亚景观

设备顾问：上海千牧建筑设计有限公司

“生境科普馆”室内展陈：同济大学景观学系董楠楠团队

竹材深化设计：寄予竹材

白色清水砼工艺顾问：隧道股份城建物资

标识字体授权：锐字潮牌字库、VIA维亚景观

施工图协作：上海景观实业发展有限公司

摄影师：CreatAR Images

撰文：孙轶家

图纸绘制：计雨薇、吴亭亭

版权声明：本文由VIA维亚景观授权发布。欢迎转发，禁止以有方编辑版本转载。

投稿邮箱：media@archiposition.com