设计单位  孔祥伟工作室

项目地址  云南大理

建成时间  2025年1月

建筑面积  350平方米

本文文字由设计单位提供。

▲ 项目视频  ©直译建筑工作室

衰败古村的更新

滇西秘境中，无量山脉的北端，有一个聚居着汉、彝、白、傣、黎、哈尼六个民族的云上村落——云南大理南涧县碧溪乡岩子头村。这个只有71户人家的小小村落，却有着300多棵古树，建筑依山而筑，常年云雾缭绕，景色宜人。如许多偏远村落，岩子头村也面临着人口流失、老宅破败和乡村的衰落的问题。由于丰富的旅游资源，因此村民希望通过发展旅游业来振兴乡村。而为了完善旅游服务设施，一个茶旅综合体与村民文化中心的建设就此被提上议程。

设计面临三大挑战：一是春节要启用建筑，需在45天内完成建设；二是投资较少，需要严控成本；三是村子离城市较远，施工工人为当地村民，没有成熟的施工技术。

生长式营造方法

文化中心选址在一处废弃的彝族传统民居院落，其主建筑均已坍塌，仅留下门楼、牛棚和柴火房。工作室采用在地营造的方式，与村民合作进行驻场设计。面对紧迫的建造时间，团队用“生长式营造”方法，同步设计与施工，用身体丈量空间，以现场感知驱动建筑形体，将设计—施工的线性流程折叠为同步发生的空间事件，施工现场成为不断叠加的草图本。这种工作方法接近中国造园时随形就势、步移景异和空间累叠的传统方式。

地域乡村建筑的在地性探索

乡村建筑与自然乡土以及地域文化的关系紧密，但在各种限制条件下又要实现创新。在此项目中，大理无量山独特的地理特征造就了四季如春的气候，多民族聚居的村落建筑充满了浓厚的乡土印记。紧迫的施工时间、有限的工程预算以及沉浸式在地营造方式，叠加推动了以下几个方面的探索：

1、呵护废墟：场地保留的牛棚、门楼与柴房成为新建筑的时空坐标。我们以“遗址考古”的视角来看待这些破败的乡土遗迹，巨石成为庭院焦点，残墙化作艺术展廊，新的穹顶遮蔽了乡土遗迹，呵护着平凡的旧时光。

2、弹性生长：与不确定性共进的建筑。在紧迫的建造时间下，弹性的建造方式成为应对挑战的策略。空间的繁简和节奏的变化随着施工时间、造价和村民的手艺而改变。

3、即兴剧场：钢筋为笔的建造方法。由于在地营造的特殊性，钢筋不仅仅是建筑材料，更成为塑造空间形体的工具，如同立体空间中的铅笔线条，让施工现场成为即兴创作的场地。

4、轻之探索：“轻”不仅是应对造价的方法，更是一种漂浮于厚重乡土之上的诗意表达。最薄的混凝土墙板仅6厘米厚，给人纸片般的感觉，体现了对乡村空间的柔性介入。曲线钢筋和阳光板构建的半透明穹顶更是对“轻”的极致表达，是对遍布中国乡村的大棚美学进行的诗意转化。

5、手作实践：建筑材料就地取材料，靠人力和骡子驼输；施工现场经常断水，因此无法采用商混混凝土而用小机器手工搅拌的混凝土制作；村民即兴发挥的手艺。我们主动接纳这些随机性导致的误差，将之理解为“乡村粗野主义”：木模板变形造就的粗粝美学，钢筋的伤痕叙事和焊接瘢痕，记录着村民共建的手工历程。

6、风景装置：多个取景框不同角度捕捉玉女峰的形态。墙画圆馆顶部的光孔投射出光的轨迹，反映着一天内的时光流转和一年内的太阳运行轨迹，成为光的容器。这种装置思维使建筑成为连接自然景观与日常生活的剧场。

7、气候应答：无量山微气候的物化实验。通过地域气候特征的空间转译，应对无量山四季如春，无酷暑严寒的气候特点。白云剧场的穹顶遮蔽了部分阳光，通透的半开放式室内空间在一年大部分时间中都能够被舒适的使用；光影缓冲，阳光板矩阵将紫外线转化为柔光滤镜；雨水剧场，倾斜屋面引导降水形成季节性的水幕装置。这些低技的气候应答策略，使建筑成为可感知的环境传感器。

我们期待乡村建筑可以成为一种感性容器，与乡土和自然形成对话。例如，营造过程中突出手工力学，乡村匠人用最原始的建造方法减轻建筑的视觉重力；阳光板经光的折射产生流转光波的视觉效果；对应人体尺度的视觉空间，从取景框远眺精确框定玉女峰轮廓；狭窄且弯曲的墙画隧道重塑行人步频节奏。这种微观的叙事策略也顺应了乡村聚落空间的丰富特质，与周边建筑和风景产生深度对话。

三幕空间叙事

建筑空间由三部分构成，形成三幕空间叙事。第一个部分是墙画艺术走廊，同时作为建筑的入口；第二个部分是中心庭院和墙画圆馆；第三个部分是白云剧场。

第一幕：墙画隧道——压缩与释放

墙画艺术走廊狭窄的隧道式入口构成叙事前奏。在前期调研中，我们发现岩子头村民居建筑上的墙画很有特点。墙画以动物形象和神话图腾为创作题材，由村民手绘完成，反映了人们对幸福生活的追求。因此设计特地将此墙画艺术走廊作为村民创作墙画的展示空间。建筑路径暗合《桃花源记》的叙事结构：从岩画隧道启程，狭窄的入口对应“山有小口，仿佛若有光”，两侧的墙壁设置取景框，向内截取剧场穹顶的局部曲面，向外将玉女峰框定为悬空画卷。行走其中，路径几经转折，经历光影交错的步道，直至幽暗的甬道尽头豁然开朗，在圆形庭院中完成空间的释放。

第二幕：中心庭院与圆形剧场——光的剧目

中心庭院原本是老院子的菜园，院子的一隅孤立着一块巨石。这也是岩子头村的名字来源：在巨型岩石上生长而成。巨石成为墙画艺术走廊和中心庭院及厕所交通的转折点，其下方是一个环形庭院，斜对面是墙画艺术馆圆馆，兼具茶室的功能。圆馆成为日光的捕捉器：早晨阳光洒在中庭草坪上，正午阳光穿过圆馆顶部的光孔，光斑沿着混凝土曲墙的倾角缓慢爬升，直至下午太阳低垂，完成了一场日光默剧。

第三幕：云阵迷宫——解构与重构

六个异形穹顶组成的“云阵”构成叙事变奏。镀锌钢筋编织的曲面网格，在阳光下投射出不断变形的阴影矩阵；不等倾角排列的阳光板在阳光下产生涟漪般的色散效应，这是平民材料的逆袭；利用阳光板的柔弯特性，将其塑造成抛物面，创造出轻盈的悬浮云朵。不同厚度的板材叠合，形成随时间变化的透光率矩阵：清晨呈现乳白氤氲，正午化作蓝光过滤器，夕阳将泡状建筑染成琥珀色，最梦幻的便是夜幕中灯光亮起，泡状建筑宛如点亮乡村的灯笼。

建筑灵活的空间形式也赋予其多功能的用途，既是面向游客的茶餐厅，亦是充满梦幻感的多民族记忆存储器——每逢村子的重大活动和节事，多彩的民族服饰下，歌舞与未来感的剧场交织产生强烈的戏剧性效果。云阵迷宫也是对乡土空间新形式的探索，富勒式穹顶呵护着彝族民居遗迹，将农民用于搭建大棚的材料演化为艺术装置。遗存建筑、村民墙画、古树、山谷景观、多民族记忆与新的建筑空间，最终融合成一种新的乡愁叙事。

贫穷美学的当代乡村实践

在中国城镇化狂飙突进的背后，大量的乡村正在经历衰落的危机。当城市建筑以每平方米数千元的造价为基准时，乡土营造却长期徘徊在每平方米千元以下的成本红线。我们希望用低造价进行一场乡村贫穷美学的探索。阳光板、钢筋、素混凝土——这些最平常不过的材料，也可以在乡村中编织出一种新的形式。

“贫穷美学”的实践其实也暗合着中国乡土营造的基因记忆。“物尽其用”是中国乡村建造的一种思想，从福建土楼版筑夯土的力学智慧，到皖南民居碎砖空斗墙的构造美学，传统匠作向来擅长将材料缺陷转化为空间修辞。本次设计也探讨了这种转化逻辑：村民施工的焊接痕迹成为建筑表皮的记忆，模板错位的混凝土接缝成为光影捕捉器，阳光板的随机拼贴渐变成有机美学。

在极致压缩的45天工期里，时间本身也成为了设计介质。这种“与时间对赌”的营造实验，回应了北宋《营造法式》“役期限定”的传统法则。当现代工程管理遇到乡土现实，快慢辩证法催生出了独特的空间节奏——既有钢结构三天起形的快速应对，也有墙画走廊经旬打磨的慢功夫。

结语

在充满困难和波折的建造中，项目完成了从杂草丛生的废墟到带有梦幻感艺术空间的转变，我们希望，这里不仅是村民的文化客厅和旅游者的驻留之地，也能成为乡村公共空间营造的一种新的可能，让“贫穷建筑”传达乡土世界的诗意。

附：
项目英文介绍

Revitalizing a Declining Ancient Village

At the northern edge of Wuliang Mountain in western Yunnan’s secret realm lies Yanzitou Village, a multicultural settlement of Han, Yi, Bai, Dai, Li, and Hani ethnic groups in Nanjian County, Dali. This cloud-kissed hamlet of 71 households, nestled amid 300 ancient trees and mist-shrouded slopes, faces the common plight of rural decay: depopulation, dilapidated dwellings, and fading traditions. Yet its rich cultural tapestry and scenic allure have inspired villagers to pursue tourism as a revival strategy. A tea-tourism complex and cultural center emerged as keystones for infrastructure development. 

The project confronted three challenges: a 45-day construction deadline for Lunar New Year inauguration, stringent cost control, and reliance on local villagers with limited technical expertise for remote-site execution. 

Growth-Oriented Construction Methodology

The cultural center repurposed a derelict Yi ethnic courtyard, where only a gatehouse, cattle shed, and firewood shelter remained. Adopting an on-site co-creation approach, the design team collaborated with villagers through an immersive on-site process. Under extreme time constraints, a "growth-oriented construction" method was deployed: design and building progressed synchronously, spatial decisions emerged from bodily engagement with the site, and linear workflows collapsed into spatial events. The construction site became a layered sketchbook, echoing the Chinese garden-making tradition of adapting to terrain, unfolding vistas, and cumulative spatial layering. 

Explorations in Vernacular Architecture

Rooted in local geography and multicultural heritage yet constrained by time and budget, the project synthesized innovation with tradition through seven key interventions: 

1、Curating Ruins: Preserved sheds and walls became temporal anchors. Boulders were reimagined as courtyard focal points, crumbling walls as gallery surfaces, and new domes as protective canopies over relics—a tactile archaeology of mundane memories. 

2、Elastic Growth: Embracing uncertainty, spatial complexity evolved dynamically with labor skills, budgets, and timelines. A single curved wall transformed from conceptual sketch to built form through iterative negotiations with masons. 

3、Impromptu Theater: Rebar transcended structural roles to become spatial pencils. On-site improvisation turned construction into performance—welding scars and bent rods scripting a narrative of communal making. 

4、Poetics of Lightness: Translucent polycarbonate domes (6mm concrete walls, ribbed membranes) floated above rugged ruins. Farmer greenhouse aesthetics metamorphosed into ethereal filters choreographing light’s daily ballet. 

5、Rustic Craftsmanship: Embrace of "rural brutalism": warped formwork textures, hand-mixed concrete variations, and mule-transported materials transformed constraints into tactile authenticity. 

6、Landscape Apparatus: Precision-framed views of Yünü Peak interplayed with celestial apertures tracking solar trajectories. Architecture became a theater mediating between topography and ritual. 

7、Climatic Dialogue: Low-tech responses to Wuliang’s perpetual spring: semi-open spaces under filtered UV canopies, seasonal rainwater curtains cascading down angled roofs—a sensorial environmental interface. 

Three-Act Spatial Narrative

The architectural space is organized into three interconnected components, unfolding like a theatrical trilogy:

1、Mural Tunnel: Compression & Release

A narrow passage lined with vernacular animal frescoes (documented from village homes) reenacts the *Peach Blossom Spring* allegory. Strategic apertures frame glimpses of domes and distant peaks before erupting into a circular courtyard. 

2、Central Courtyard: Choreography of Light

An ancestral vegetable garden anchored by the village’s namesake boulder hosts a circular teahouse. Its oculus orchestrates sunbeam dramas—morning草坪 illuminations, noon light-geometries climbing curved walls, dusk amber transfigurations. 

3、Cloud Theater: Luminous Metamorphosis

Six mutant domes of rebar and polycarbonate reinterpret farmer greenhouses as luminous lanterns. By day, refractive panels cast prismatic shadows; by night, glowing orbs host cross-cultural festivities—Yi folk dances beneath Fuller-sequel geometries. 

Aesthetics of Austerity: Contemporary Rural Praxis

Behind China’s breakneck urbanization lies a crisis of rural decline. While urban construction budgets soar to thousands of yuan per square meter, vernacular building practices persistently operate below the 1,000-yuan-per-sqm threshold. This project confronts this disparity by interrogating a "poetics of scarcity" — transforming mundane materials like polycarbonate panels, rebar, and raw concrete into a new rural syntax.

The "aesthetics of austerity" resonate with China’s deep-rooted vernacular wisdom. "exhausting material potential" has long governed rural construction: from the structural intelligence of Fujian’s rammed-earth tulou fortresses to the geometric artistry of southern Anhui’s perforated brick walls, traditional craftsmen alchemized material limitations into spatial poetry. "Baiyun Duoduo" inherits this logic:

1、Welding scars from villager labor → fossilized narratives in steel

2、Misaligned formwork joints → light-filtering crevices

3、Randomly assembled polycarbonate sheets → gradient translucency gradients

Within the 45-day construction sprint, time itself became a design medium. This "chronological gamble" echoes the Yingzao Fashi (Treatise on Architectural Methods), the Northern Song dynasty manual that codified imperial construction deadlines. When modern project management collided with rural realities, a unique temporal rhythm emerged:

1、Accelerated Cadences

2、Steel frameworks materialized in 72-hour sprints

3、Mural corridors demanded weeks of meticulous brushwork

The duality mirrors the fast-slow dialectic — a negotiation between urgency and craftsmanship that shaped the building’s spatial cadences. Here, farmer greenhouses morph into light-diffusing canopies, construction errors fossilize as textural archives, and rural "poverty" ascends to lyrical expression. In this alchemy of constraints, every scar whispers a chronicle of collaboration, every imperfection traps sunlight, and austerity itself becomes the medium for rural reimagining.

Epilogue

From ruin to rural agora, Baiyun Duoduo manifests architecture as an empathetic medium: sheltering fading traditions while scripting new spatial folklores. It stands not merely as a community hall or tourist stopover, but as a manifesto—proof that "poor architecture" can distill poetry from the soil, light from constraint, and hope from decay. Here, welded scars sing ballads of collaboration, concrete cracks trap sunbeams, and farmer materials ascend to art. In this theater, every shadow writes a village chronicle.

完整项目信息

项目名称：白云朵朵村民文化中心

项目地点：云南大理南涧县碧溪乡岩子头村

项目业主：云南大理南涧县碧溪乡政府

建筑面积：350平方米

方案设计：孔祥伟工作室

主持建筑师；孔祥伟

现场建筑师：孔祥伟、高灼见、崔峻

设计公司邮箱：guanzhula@163.com

摄影：直译建筑工作室

运营单位：云水姑娘（北京）餐饮管理有限公司

施工单位：宏丰建筑

项目完成时间：2025年1月

版权声明：本文由孔祥伟工作室授权发布。欢迎转发，禁止以有方编辑版本转载。

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