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BIM建筑|南京压缩机厂保护与更新：尤家凹社区中心 / 东南大学建筑学院城市与建筑设计工作室

发布于：2025-05-30 19:08:38

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设计单位 东南大学建筑学院城市与建筑设计工作室

项目地点 江苏南京

建成时间 2023年

建筑面积 22000平方米

本文文字由设计单位提供。

01 序言

南京压缩机厂成立于1950年代，闲置的厂区保存了八十年代鼎盛时期的厂房格局，在南京市规划局公布的《南京市工业遗产保护规划》名录中属于二类工业遗产。2019年，当地政府决定将南京压缩机厂房旧址改造为社区中心，为周边居民提供社区服务、文体活动、医疗养老等功能。将社区中心功能植入老厂区，不但减少了政府对于社区中心的土地投入，而且为荒废的厂区引入了社区生活的活力。这样的功能要求填补了工业遗产更新项目类型的一个空白，同时，社区中心复杂的功能配置也大大提升了设计工作的难度。

Nanjing Compressor Factory, established in the 1950s, maintains its factory layout from its heyday in the 1980s, despite being currently idle. It is categorized as a Class II industrial heritage site in the "Nanjing Industrial Heritage Protection Plan" published by the Nanjing Municipal Planning Bureau. In 2019, the local government made the decision to transform the former Nanjing Compressor Factory into a community center, offering community services, cultural and sports activities, medical care, and elderly care to the surrounding residents. Integrating the community center function into the old factory area not only reduces the government's land investment in the community center but also brings vitality to the abandoned factory area, enriching community life. This functional requirement fills a gap in the types of industrial heritage renewal projects, while the complex functional configuration of community centers greatly increases the difficulty of design work.

▲ 视频：改造后的社群中心 ©东南大学建筑学院城市与建筑设计工作室

02 更新前的厂区

项目用地被住区包围，仅有东北角一处能与城市道路连接，并在这里有一小片可以新建建筑的场地。用地内目前保留了四栋厂房、两处构筑物，以及建厂初期保存至今的林荫道。保护内容包括：三栋厂房，为钢筋混凝土排架结构；一栋零件库，是国内第一座“拱形曲面网架结构”工业建筑，2300平方米的无柱空间极具特色；气力输送塔、循环水池，这两处构筑物也是记录了生产工艺流程信息的重要遗存物。

The site is encircled by residential areas, with only one area in the northeast corner accessible to urban roads, featuring a small plot for new construction. Within the site, four factory buildings, two structures, and a green avenue preserved since the initial construction phase are currently maintained. The protected elements include: three factory buildings with reinforced concrete bent structures; A parts warehouse, the first industrial building in China with an "arched curved grid structure," boasting a distinctive 2300 square meter column-free space; The pneumatic conveying tower and circulating water pool are also significant relics elements of the production process information.

D1零件库是国内第一座“拱形曲面网架结构”工业建筑摄影：东南大学建筑学院城市与建筑设计工作室

03 工业遗产的保护: 守护城市记忆

安全性、真实性、可逆性，是我们在工业遗产保护中始终坚持的三大原则。在南京压缩机厂，我们保证历史建筑的结构安全，保护和还原历史建筑的原有风格和特点，令新建的钢结构与厂房原有混凝土结构完全脱开，保证更新过程的可逆性。

Safety, authenticity, and reversibility are the three principles in the protection of industrial heritage: ensuring the structural safety of historical buildings, preserving and restoring their original style and characteristics, and completely separating newly constructed steel structures from the original concrete structures of factories to ensure the reversibility of the renewal process.

首先，我们将现存的工业遗产逐一编号，进行了测绘调研和结构鉴定，并给出了相应的评估结论。

Firstly, we numbered each of the existing industrial heritage elements, conducted surveys and structural appraisals, and provided corresponding evaluation conclusions.

经评估，厂房主体结构安全性符合要求，仅砖墙维护墙构造措施不满足抗震要求。我们研究了如何在不影响砖墙外观的前提下进行抗震加固，最后采用了“植筋拉结加固”工艺：在砖缝中开槽布设拉结钢筋，与混凝土柱连成一个整体，再采用聚合物砂浆修复砖缝开槽部位，保证结构的安全性和外立面的完整性。

Upon evaluation, the main structure of the factory buildings was found to be safe, yet the construction measures for the brick maintenance walls did not meet seismic standards. We researched how to perform seismic reinforcement without altering the appearance of the brick walls, ultimately opting for the "planting and tie reinforcement" technique: embedding tie bars within the brick joints, integrating them with the concrete columns, and subsequently repairing the slotted brick joints with polymer mortar, thereby ensuring the structural safety and the integrity of the exterior facades.

外墙修复则采用了剥离、修复、保护三步骤，将破坏建筑红砖墙体原始美感的红色涂料进行人工清洗及打磨去除，局部采用砖粉修复，最后加透明有机硅涂层进行保护，还原砖墙原有的质朴的历史气质。

The exterior wall restoration involved three steps: stripping, repairing, and protecting. The red paint, which detracted from the original beauty of the red brick walls, was manually cleaned and polished, with some areas restored using brick powder. A transparent silicone coating was subsequently applied for protection, reviving the brick walls' original rustic charm.

场地东南角原有约两米深的废弃循环水池，我们将其改造为下沉广场，可以展开社区里最受欢迎的广场舞、街头篮球和轮滑等活动。

Originally located in the southeast corner of the site was an abandoned circulating water pool approximately two meters deep. We converted it into a sunken plaza, hosting popular community activities like square dancing, street basketball, and roller skating.

钢制的气力输送塔原来所处的位置隐蔽，经结构加固和出新后被迁移至下沉广场的水景前。这里是主入口轴线的尽端，新的“气力输送塔”起到了标志塔的作用。一条步行桥绕过气力输送塔后，穿入各个厂房，连接了社区中心的所有公共活动区域。

Initially concealed, the steel pneumatic conveying tower was relocated to the front of the sunken plaza's water feature after structural reinforcement and renovation. Positioned at the end of the main entrance axis, the new "pneumatic conveying tower" now serves as a prominent landmark. A pedestrian bridge, bypassing the pneumatic conveying tower, connects various factory buildings and links all public activity areas in the community center.

我们对林荫道路上的树木也进行了测绘和记录，使其得到了妥善的保护。

We also surveyed and documented the trees along the tree-lined roads, ensuring their adequate protection.

04 工业遗产的更新：重塑原真性

社区中心具有开放性、公益性、多元性、复合性的建筑特征，在提供社会服务和公共空间的同时也应记录城市的历史印迹，公共文化层面上的原真性与功能性物质空间的真实性同样重要。

Community center has features of openness, public welfare, diversity, and complexity. While offering social services and public spaces, they should also preserve the historical imprints of the city. Authenticity at the public cultural level holds equal importance to the authenticity of functional material spaces.

在即将被改造成社区中心的厂区，有对过去的回顾，也有对未来的期待，我们希望能够抓住这一机遇，重塑场所的原真性，既给周边居民创造一个开放的公共活动平台，也是对工业化时代印迹的珍贵留存。

In this project, there lies a reflection of the past alongside anticipation for the future. We aspire to seize this opportunity to reshape the authenticity of the place, creating an open public activity platform for the surrounding residents and preserving the precious imprint of the industrial era.

云影长廊

“云影”空间是建筑群的核心轴线，串联了社区文化、体育、商业、菜场、育儿园等功能。经过多轮方案比较，我们选择了以轻质的形态介入老厂房之间的策略，意图是在用一种具有强烈反差感的“外物”与原有工业厂房实用且坚固的建筑性格形成鲜明的对比。

The "Cloud Shadow" space is a long corridor serving as the core axis of the building complex and connecting community cultural, sports, commercial, market, and nursery functions. After multiple rounds of scheme comparisons, we chose a strategy of light intervention between the old factory buildings, aiming to create a sharp contrast with the practical and sturdy architectural character of the original industrial buildings through a "foreign element" with a strong sense of contrast.

“云影”由一排白色的构架构成，人字形外轮廓呼应了两边厂房的排架结构，构架的圆弧形负形则呼应了轴线西端D1厂房的圆拱形态——这样就巧妙地呼应了周边厂房的两个重要元素。连绵的白色构架插入两栋工业遗迹之间，起伏的内部曲面和变幻的光影朦胧纯净，仿佛云影漂浮在空气中。

"Cloud Shadow" is composed of a row of white frames, with a V-shaped outer contour echoing the frame structure of the two factory buildings on either side, and the arc-shaped negative space of the frames echoing the circular arch shape of D1 factory building at the west end of the axis - thus ingeniously responding to two important elements of the surrounding factory buildings. The continuous white frames are inserted between the two industrial relics, with undulating internal surfaces and changing light and shadow creating a hazy and pure effect, as if cloud shadows were floating in the air.

D1厂房（零件库）

经过结构检测鉴定，零件库网架节点螺栓连接牢靠，部分构件及涂层存在锈蚀现象。但是彩钢板屋面年久失修，漏水严重，已经无法作为建筑围护物来保留。我们拆除了彩钢板屋面层，保留了最具特色的“拱形曲面网架结构”。为表现网架结构三角锥形的单元特征，我们在网架上安装了三角形的膜材料装置——“飞鸟”，像一群小鸟“飞翔”在拱顶上。

After structural inspection and assessment, it was found that the bolt connections of the parts warehouse's grid structure nodes were secure, but some components and coatings showed signs of rust. However, the color steel plate roof was in a state of disrepair and leaked severely, making it impossible to retain as a building enclosure. We removed the color steel plate roof layer and preserved the most distinctive "arched curved grid structure". To highlight the triangular pyramid-shaped unit features of the grid structure, we installed triangular membrane material devices - "flying birds" on the grid structure, resembling a flock of birds "flying" on the arch.

在网架内，我们重新搭建了空间：社区菜场设置在底层，适当的空间高度减少了菜场运营的空调负荷；菜场上层设置了社区农场和育儿园，形成一个绿色的“生态之丘”。平台上还设计了天窗，在给菜场引入自然光线的同时，也给上层的孩子们创造一个观察菜场活动的小窗口。

Inside the grid structure, we reconfigured the space: the community market was set up on the ground floor, and the reduced space height reduced the air conditioning load for the market's operation; above the market, a community farm and a nursery were set up, forming a green "ecological hill". Skylights were also designed on the platform, introducing natural light to the market while creating a small window for children on the upper floor to observe the activities of the market.

D2和D3厂房

建筑空间高达11.6米，天窗和屋架极具工业结构的美感。我们在厂房内局部搭建了3米高的钢结构平台，平台下空间作为车库。平台上开放空间为社区文体活动区，其中一部分空间保留8.6米高度，可以容纳球类运动；其他部分则增设楼板，分隔成两层，容纳文化活动。

The interior space is as high as 11.6 meters, with skylights and roof trusses showcasing the aesthetic appeal of industrial structures. We partially built a 3-meter-high steel structure platform inside the factory buildings, with the space beneath used as a garage. The open space on the platform serves as a community cultural and sports activity area. Part of this space retains a height of 8.6 meters, allowing for ball games; the other part is equipped with floor slabs, divided into two levels to accommodate cultural activities.

D4厂房

功能为社区的街道办公，相对内向。办事大厅部分面向广场，提高公共性和可达性。

Its function is for community offices, relatively inward. The part of the service hall faces the square, enhancing public accessibility and visibility.

新建部分采用钢结构，与厂房原有混凝土结构完全脱开。钢结构的易拆卸特点也保证了更新过程的可逆性。

The newly built part uses steel structure, completely separated from the original concrete structure of the factory building. The easy disassembly feature of the steel structure also ensures the reversibility of the renovation process.

新建医疗养老服务中心

该建筑由社区医院和社区养老院组成，功能要求严格，不适合用老厂房改建，只能设置在场地内唯一满足日照和可以新建建筑的区域。建筑1—3层为社区医院，立面采用红砖幕墙，高度上约为12米，与南侧的厂房同高；4—6层为养老院，立面采用玻璃幕墙和银灰色穿孔铝板，简洁轻盈，削弱了体量。这样，在沿林荫大道，整个建筑群呈现了出连贯的视觉效果。

This building consists of a community hospital and an elderly care service center, with strict functional requirements that make it unsuitable for renovation of the old factory buildings. It can only be located in the only area within the site that meets the sunlight requirements and allows for new construction. The first to third floors are the community hospital, featuring a red brick facade approximately 12 meters high, matching the height of the factory building to the south; the fourth to sixth floors are the elderly care service center, with a facade of glass and silver-gray perforated aluminum panels, creating a simple and light appearance that reduces the volume. Thus, along the tree-lined avenue, the entire building complex presents a coherent visual effect.

05 结语：轻与重的交织新与旧的融合

项目总指导王建国院士在设计之初对团队指引了大方向：“工业遗产改造为社区中心不能仅仅满足于功能的配置，要意识到这是一个对城市修补和提升的行动，最终的成果需要提供一个批判性的反思样本。”

At the beginning of the design, Academician Wang Jianguo, the overall project director, guided the team in a broad direction: "The transformation of industrial heritage into a community center should not merely focus on the configuration of functions. It is essential to recognize that this is an action for urban repair and improvement. The final outcome should provide a critical reflection sample."

在这个项目中，我们追求的不是地标性和仪式感，而是有深度和温度的公共空间，是带着城市记忆的场所营造，是日常生活的烟火气息。在项目建成后，我们收到了不少周围居民和南京压缩机厂退休职工表达谢意的留言。老厂区留存的城市记忆触动人心，社区丰富的生活为老厂区带了勃勃生机——这组建筑成为了工业遗产保护与更新项目中一个独特的案例。

In this project, what we pursue is not landmark or a sense of ceremony, but a public space with depth and warmth, a place with urban memories, and the vitality of daily life. After the project was completed, we received many messages of gratitude from the residents and retired workers of Nanjing Compressor Factory. The urban memories preserved in the old factory area touched people's hearts, and the community life brought new vitality to the old factory area – the project has become a unique case in the protection and renewal of industrial heritage.